- Development Verses Displacement: Cornerstone of India’s Economy; Appraisal on Road Development In India   click here to open paper content827 kb
by    Dutta, Bikram Kumar & Bandyopadhyay, Sanhita | bikramdutta@hotmail.com   click here to send an email to the auther(s) of this paper
Short Outline
India is a developing country and it requires fast space quality
infrastructure development. Road network is vital to the economic
development, trade and social integration. For this development land is
required and the land belongs to the people. The result of this is
displacement which is cornerstone of India’s boom economy.
Abstract
India is a developing country and it requires fast space quality
infrastructure development, which is the need of current times. For any
development, land is required and the land belongs to the people.
Government is acquiring land for public purpose. Government of India (GoI)
has substantially increased its focus towards infrastructure development,
over the last few decades which lead to economic growth of the country.
Acquisition of land for public purpose displaces people, forcing them to
give up their home, assets and means of livelihood. The GoI recognizes the
need to minimize large scale displacement to the extent possible and, where
displacement is inevitable, the need to handle with utmost care and
forethought issues relating to Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) of
Project Affected Families (PAF) and formulate R&R Policies (NRRP 2007 and
draft bill 2011. The ground reality differs from it.
Road network is vital to the economic development, trade and social
integration. It facilitates smooth conveyance of both people and goods.
Size of the road network, its quality and access has a bearing on transport
costs. Besides, road network promote specialization, extend markets and
thereby enable exploitation of the economies of scale. Global competition
has made the existence of efficient road transport and logistic systems in
delivery chain an absolute imperative. Easy accessibility, flexibility of
operations, door-to-door service and reliability have earned road transport
an increasingly higher share of both passenger and freight traffic visà-
vis other transport modes. Transport demand in India has been growing
rapidly. In recent years this demand has shifted mainly to the advantage of
road transport, which carries about 87 percent and 61 per cent of passenger
and freight transport demand arising for land based modes of transport
(i.e. roadways and railways taken together) respectively. Road transport
has grown despite significant barriers to inter- State freight and
passenger movement compared to inland waterways, railways and air which do
not face rigorous en-route checks/barriers.
The total road length in India had increased significantly from 3.99 lakh
Kilometer (Km) as on 31.3.1951 to 41.10 lakh Km as on 31.3.2008.
Concomitantly, the surfaced road had increased from 1.57 lakh Km to around
20.36 lakh Km over the same period. The total road length had expanded
significantly since 1970s. It increased from 9.15 lakh Km in March 1971 to
41.10 lakh Km in March 2008 - an increase of 34.9 % over these 37 years
yielding a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.1 %. The total road
network in the country grew from 36.21 lakh in March 2004 to 41.10 lakh in
March 2008 reflecting an increase of 4.89 lakh Km yielding a CAGR of 3.2 %
over this period.
Available reports indicate that around 21.3 million people are internally
displaced populations (IDPs) due to development projects in India. IDPs
include those displaced by dams (16.4 million), mines (2.55 million),
industrial development (1.25 million) and wildlife sanctuaries and national
parks (0.6 million) etc (IDMC, 2007). 21% of total shares transport and
communication sector development. This paper appraises the displacement due
to road infrastructure development in India's boom economy over the period.
Keywords
Case Study presented on the ISOCARP Congress 2013: Frontiers of Planning - Evolving and declining models of city planning practice
click here to open paper content  Click to open the full paper as pdf document
click here to send an email to the auther(s) of this paper  Click to send an email to the author(s) of this paper